International Journal of Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology

Climate change is emerging as a serious challenge for global agriculture. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, droughts, floods, and extreme weather events are directly and indirectly impacting crop productivity. The impacts of climate change are being felt particularly acutely in developing countries, where agriculture is a key pillar of the economy. Rising temperatures increase heat stress in crops, reducing photosynthesis, grain filling, and yield potential. Rainfall uncertainty and reduced soil moisture increase irrigation needs, and drought and flooding increase production risks. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations can stimulate growth in some crops, but this benefit is not sustainable due to nutrient deficiencies and high temperatures. Sustainable adaptation strategies are essential to address these challenges. Crop rotation, intercropping, development of improved and climate-resilient varieties, conservation agriculture, soil moisture conservation techniques, and precision agriculture-based management measures can prove effective. Additionally, weather-based advisories, insurance schemes, policy support, and institutional support strengthen farmers' adaptive capacity. Overall, food security and environmental sustainability can be ensured while safeguarding crop productivity only through coordinated efforts of scientific research, technological innovation and policy-based interventions.